Triangulation Method Research Articles

Commentary on Carrasquilla et al.: Smoking and obesity; uncovering causal mechanisms through triangulation of different methods.

Commentary on Carrasquilla et al.: Smoking and obesity; uncovering causal mechanisms through triangulation of different methods.

MIXING AND AUDIO EQUALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR ACOUSTIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH DIRECTED MICROPHONE AT THE YELL SHOWING IN THE PAKIS BALI QUIZ SHOW ON BALI TV

This research aims to find out how the quality of the mixing results is good and correct from the audio equalization of acoustic musical instruments with a directed mic at the Pakis Bali Quiz event. This research uses a qualitative method. The approach taken in this qualitative method is to conduct focused interviews. The data collected was obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. Then, data validation was carried out using the triangulation method and peer discussion, with the aim of ensuring that the data to be entered into the database could be explained as to the source and correctness of the data. The author analysis the data using the three activity lines proposed by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions/verification. From the research results, the author concluded that the audio mixing and equalization technique for acoustic musical instruments with a directed mic which was carried out during the chant performance in the Pakis Bali Quiz event on Bali TV was in line with and met the standard principles of the theories put forward by several experts regarding the technique mixing and equalizing audio for acoustic musical instruments with a directed mic. Based on the conclusions, the author provides main suggestions for upgrading equipment in terms of electrical installations.

Efektivitas Layanan Perpustakaan Keliling dalam Mengembangkan Minat Baca Masyarakat di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Kota Sibolga

This research discusses the effectiveness of mobile library services in developing people's reading interest in the Sibolga City Library and Archives Service. The aim of this research is to find out whether the mobile library service at the Sibolga City Library and Archives Service is effective enough in developing people's interest in reading in Sibolga City. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection methods use observation, interviews and documentation, while technical data analysis is carried out in 3 (three) ways, namely data triangulation, method triangulation and source triangulation. The results of this research show that the effectiveness of the mobile library service in developing people's interest in reading in the Sibolga city library and archives service has gone quite well, this can be seen in real conditions after the researchers conducted observations and interviews, which can be seen based on the public's fairly good response, and the enthusiasm of children who always welcome mobile library visits to their schools. Factors that influence mobile library services in developing people's reading interest in the Sibolga City Library and Archives Service, namely book collections, users/readers, librarians on duty, and the mobile library facilities provided are supporting factors. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are in terms of funding, as well as inadequate facilities and infrastructure for the 17 sub-districts which are visiting points for mobile libraries for the Sibolga city library and archives service.

Expanding the dynamic range of the measuring system by implementing the phase triangulation method

Expanding the dynamic range of the measuring system by implementing the phase triangulation method

Rekonstruksi Metode Menghafal dalam Pembelajaran Mufradat Bahasa Arab Berbasis Teori Multiple Intelligence di Pondok Pesantren

A Learning methods are an important component of the learning process. The method is a teacher's strategy to help students understand the material. This research aims to determine the memorization method in mufradat learning based on Multiple Intelligence theory in Islamic boarding schools, especially at the Darussalam Jombang Islamic Boarding School. This research uses a qualitative approach method. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation and interviews. Then, conclusions will be drawn from the data that has been obtained using the triangulation method. Based on the research that has been carried out, the results show that the memorization method applied at the Darussalam Islamic Boarding School is not to the intelligence characteristics of the students, so it has an effect on the student's learning outcomes. The memorization method that has been applied so far only focuses on one learning method without paying attention to class conditions and also the intelligence characteristics of the students, which then makes the learning process run less effectively and also produces less than optimal results because the students have difficulty receiving and understanding the learning material. A variety of media and other methods are needed that suit the intelligence characteristics of students so that they can easily receive and understand the material for maximum learning outcomes.

Research on the rapid 3D measurement of satellite antenna reflectors using stereo tracking technique

Surface accuracy measurement and analysis are crucial steps in the manufacturing process of satellite antenna reflectors. The conventional close-range photogrammetry requires attaching target points on the surface, which is time-consuming and may damage the surface quality. To overcome these drawbacks, a non-contact three-dimensional (3D) shape rapid measurement technique was proposed, which is based on the integration of a stereo tracking method and a structured light measurement method. This paper focuses on addressing the issue of obtaining pose transformation matrices for measurement devices in motion within this method. Initially, a plane tracking scheme and tracking plate pattern was designed. Furthermore, the feature points of the tracking board were extracted from the target area of image processing. Moreover, the pose transformation matrix of the tracking plate relative to the fixed world coordinate system at different positions was obtained using the triangulation method. Finally, a measurement experiment was conducted, resulting in a stereo tracking scheme error within 0.5%.

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Transformational Leadership for the Development of Innovation Capabilities

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) through the relationship of transformational leadership (TL) for the development of dynamic capabilities (DC) for organisational innovation. Methodology/Approach: Under a qualitative method, and a single case study strategy, data were obtained from interviews with 15 senior managers and leaders of innovation activities; the document review and data triangulation method was used to analyse causality relations proposed in the theoretical framework. Findings: The empirical results confirm that the EO and TL have a positive relationship with the development of innovation capabilities. Findings indicate that risk-taking, proactiveness, assimilation, and exploitation of internal and external knowledge remain the main difficulties in improving innovation capabilities and adaptability in the technological environment. Research Limitation/implication: The present paper gathered data from a specific organisation in the field of EO. The research allowed us to better understand the incidence of EO, TL, and DC  regarding the relationship between variables, and it should be considered a potential source for enhancing innovation management capabilities. Originality/Value of paper: This work is the first that integrates the concepts of EO with other related disciplines into a single case strategy, within a specific entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem context in a large automotive industry.

Peran Pemerintah Dalam Mengatur Tataniaga Garam: Dominansi Political Will atau Economic Interest? Sebuah Tinjauan Actor-Network Theory

Conflicting interests among parties involved in the salt commodity trade create challenges. This study employs qualitative methods to investigate the interactions between human and non-human actors. The primary data used in this study was collected through in-depth interviews with relevant parties. Additionally, the triangulation method utilizes secondary data from statistical sources such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), related Ministries, and regulations issued by related Ministries. The results indicate that the government's efforts to regulate salt trading have primarily focused on regulations and policies related to production, distribution, and imports. However, the government has not been extensively involved in regulating market players, which include salt farmers, landowners, middlemen or trade intermediaries, consumers (including the salt processing industry and salt user industries), and salt importers. According to the perspective of actor-network theory, the government plays a significant role in organizing the interaction of actors in the salt trade. However, the existence of competing interest in the salt trade illustrates that the actors involved have systematically gathered in a network based on their economic interests.

Hybrid physics-based and data-driven impact localisation for composite laminates

The current challenges facing data-driven impact localisation methods primarily involve accurately localising impacts occurring outside the training impact coverage area, particularly for anisotropic composite structures. This study addresses these challenges by integrating the physical dispersion relations of impact-induced waves into the localisation process, thereby enhancing overall accuracy and reducing reliance on extensive training impact data. The dominant impact-induced flexural waves, derived from first-order shear deformation theory and classical laminate theory, exhibit significant dispersion. The phase velocity of these waves is governed by a dispersion equation dependent on structural stiffness, wave frequency, and direction. Solving this dispersion equation for a given wave frequency and known structural stiffness yields a wave velocity profile (WVP). Unlike conventional data-driven methods, which approximate the WVP with a black box and relate the time difference of arrival to the impact location, this study explicitly formulates and optimises the WVP with respect to structural stiffness and wave frequency based on the training impacts. Leveraging the partial derivatives of the dispersion equation, optimisation is performed using fast gradient-based techniques such as the Newton’s method and the trust-region reflective algorithm. The optimised WVP is then employed for impact localisation using the triangulation method. Experimental validation of the proposed hybrid physics-based and data-driven impact localisation method involves conducting drop-mass impact testing on a composite laminate flat panel and a stringer-stiffened panel. The localisation results confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed hybrid method with minimal training impact data, demonstrating its capability to accurately localise impacts even for stiffened panels, including those occurring outside the coverage area of the training impacts.

Peran dan Strategi Public Relations Dalam Membangun Citra Perusahaan Perbankan

Image is one of the most important parts of the company that must be continuously built and maintained. Realizing this, public relations of PT Bank Kalteng made various efforts to build a positive corporate image. This study aims to determine the role and strategy of public relations (PR) in building corporate image. This study uses a descriptive qualitative using indepth interviews and observations as data sources. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative analysis methods, consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Then for data validation, this research uses triangulation. The triangulation used is source triangulation and method triangulation. The study results show that PR PT Bank Kalteng plays the role of Expert Prescriber, Communication Facilitator, Problem Solving Process Facilitator, and Communication Technician in building a corporate image. In addition, The PR of the bank has carried out a strategy to improve the banking image through three stages: to secure understanding, establish acceptance, and motivate action.

The Meaning of Sincerity in Transformational Leadership at The Islamic Boarding School Educational Institution


 
 
 
 Sincerity is defined as hope only in Allah SWT. A leader can find the meaning of his members' sincerity so that they have better work enthusiasm. The purpose of this research is to determine transformational leadership behavior that interprets the sincerity of its members and the form of meaning of sincerity in transformational leadership that can realize innovation in Islamic boarding school educational institutions. This research approach uses phenomenology. Data collection used triangulation methods, namely observation and interviews. Data validity techniques are carried out using triangulation methods, member checking, and auditing. The results of this research found that the meaning of Ikhlas in transformational leadership is that sincerity is analogous to the spirit while charity is the body so that Ikhlas can create a conducive climate and can develop creativity and innovation in Islamic boarding school educational institutions.
 
 
 

Implementation of The Convergence Program to Accelerate Stunting Reduction in Sibolga City

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Sibolga City is one of the priority cities in the effort to accelerate stunting reduction. Sibolga City implements an accelerated stunting prevalence reduction program that involves cross-sectors, better known as the convergence action to accelerate stunting reduction. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the implementation of the convergence program to accelerate stunting reduction in Sibolga City. This research is a qualitative study involving 18 informants from </em> <em>Regional Work U</em><em>nits</em><em>  that are members of the Sibolga City </em> <em>S</em><em>tunting Reduction Acceleration Team. This research was conducted in November 2023 in Sibolga City, which consists of 4 sub-districts and 17 villages. Data were collected by conducting Focus Group Discussions and in-depth interviews. Furthermore,  Data is analyzed through triangulation of methods, sources, and between researchers. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the program show that the quality of human resources and financing sources is good enough to reduce the stunting rate in the kelurahan which is the locus of stunting. Likewise, the results of the analysis of the program implementation process. The program planning that was prepared was in accordance with the problems obtained in the situation analysis and had targeted the locus villages determined in the situation analysis. The implementation and evaluation process has also been carried out well, which ultimately has an impact on reducing the stunting prevalence rate by 11.3%. As an effort to encourage a greater reduction in stunting prevalence, we recommend that the Sibolga City Government increase human resource capacity and funding, encourage the involvement of various parties including the private sector in accelerating stunting reduction programs in Sibolga City, improve coordination between </em><em>Regional Work Units</em><em> in the planning, implementation and evaluation processes and encourage the availability of a quality and sustainable data management system in each village</em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> <strong>Accelerate, Convergence, Reduction, </strong><strong>Prevalence, Stunting</strong></em>

Modernization of Technical Units of the Nepali Army for Mission Success (A Mixed Methods Exploratory Research)

In this research paper, the author has tried to establish the historical journey of technical units and their organizational changes, especially in the field of modernization in the Nepali army. A brief historical background of such technical units is also one of the areas of interest of the researcher to enhance the research questions. A mixed method has been applied. An exploratory approach has been used to answer the research questions. Almost 10 army experts, including defense security experts who know the Nepali army closely participated in the Delphi technique, based on interview questionnaires to explore the research findings. Secondary data have been used for the quantitative research analysis and 10 veteran Generals participated in qualitative research. In quantitative analysis, the growth and strength were analyzed. Medical, Aviation, EME, Civil Engineering, and Production Units were chosen for the study. Triangulation of methods was used to establish the reliability and credibility of the research findings. The results show that top leadership of the Nepali Army is one of the top factors for the modernization of Technical Units than any other factors and the Mission factor comes in the second position that is the serendipity of these research findings. The study also revealed that without a perfect balance between technology and technocrats, mission success is difficult to achieve. This research has answered all the research questions and has given enough avenues for the modernization process of technical units of the Nepali Army in the upcoming days to achieve organizational, as well as mission success of the Nepali Army.

Urban identity and perception of the city in management discourse

The discourse on the city, its forms, planning and management under uncertainty is undoubtedly the most widespread and relevant in the last ten years. The prospects for the development of the city and its urban community depend rather on the articulation and representation of the content of social demand from society, the population of specific cities, than on external factors. Citizens have a clear vision for the future and present of their city. The city perception of its inhabitants is correlated with the citizens’ ideas about the modern city and appears as a discourse in their judgments, opinions and assessments. Urban discourse is defined as positioning, representation of urban identity of citizens and reflection of the perception of the city identity. The presence of this discourse is found in the citizens’ narratives about the city. The study is based on the personal experience narratives, specifically the informants’ reflections upon their evaluation and perception of their city were analyzed. Narrative analysis, supplemented by sentiment analysis (positive or negative presentation of the material) was chosen as a research tactic, the research method is content analysis. The major purpose of this work is to study the perception of the identity of the city by citizens. The novelty of the work is determined by the design of the study, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, the method of triangulation according to N. Denzin., as well as the choice of a subjective parameter (perception by citizens of their city) as a guideline for managerial actions in shaping the identity of the city in order to achieve connectivity “city – citizen”. An additional contribution of this paper is the construction of a paired logic of connectivity: “city – citizen” through the correlation between the citizens urban identity indicators and the identity of the city on the basis of empirical data of six cities in the Tyumen region. The study showed that citizens with a high level of urban identity perceive the city through personal participation in its life, through the manifestation of subjectivity.

An investigation into employees’ factors of flexible working hours (FWH) for productivity in Saudi: a mixed qualitative triangulation

One of the most controversial HRM topics that have received extensive attention from academics and practitioners communities over the past two decades is flexible working hours (FWH) and its impact on productivity. Nevertheless, the work is focused almost exclusively on business and organizational aspects neglecting the employees’ and social perspectives, and thus far lacks a strong theoretical foundation, particularly social theory. Therefore, unlike other work, the present study focuses heavily on the employees’ perspective based on a social theory; namely: social exchange theory (SET). This study aims to explore and evaluate the antecedents for requesting FWH, mainly: employee and social-related factors, which affect their productivity. SET was found valuable to serve the aim of the research because it magnifies the importance of the employee as a partner who is in reciprocal social relations. Two mixed triangulated sets of qualitative data were collected, namely: semi-structured interviews and document analysis (cross-sectional and longitudinal). Thirty-two interviews were conducted with employees and with management. Document analysis is a novel source of data that was extracted from the company’s internal technological platform and contains employees’ first-hand computerized typewritten comments about FWH. The analysis of the findings reveals that the most significant factors found affecting employees’ decision to demand FWH for productivity are midday breaks, traffic/transportation, schooling, and social life. Moreover, the findings suggest that HR practitioners need to recognize employees’ social factors before applying FWH practice. This present research makes an original and important contribution to HRM scholarship and reflects theoretical rigor (social exchange theory), methodological (mixed triangulation methods), empirical, and practical. For example, theoretical contributions regarding SET’s reciprocity “black box” were highlighted. Moreover, the implication of the findings assists HR, in particular in Saudi organizations, to ensure the FWH contributes to overcoming these identified employees’ related antecedents.

Analisis Faktor Motivasi Membaca Teks Arab Bagi Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab

Motivation has a very strong influence on the cognitive and affective aspects of reading. Motivation affects a person's thinking style. When a person is interested in the text he reads, his understanding will increase more than when reading a text he is not interested in. This study describes the factors influencing the motivation for Arabic Language Education at STAI Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan will read Arabic texts in the Qira'ah lesson. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation using descriptive qualitative methods. The collected data was analyzed and validated by the triangulation method. The results showed that six factors influence students' motivation to read Arabic text: (1) Reading ability. (2) Individual interest or desire. (3) Reading needs. (4) Social support. (5) Technology and learning resources. and (6) Supportive conditions and facilities.

Preliminary identification of the potential of using MIEM in the context of stimulating the development of selected cognitive processes of students in early childhood education

The article presents the results of a quantitative-qualitative study that examined the experiences of children and early childhood education teachers with multi-layered interactive materials in which augmented reality technology was implemented. The article also addresses issues related to support (MIEM) for selected cognitive processes of early childhood education students. The research was conducted within the framework of the Ministry of Education and Science's program titled: Pupil circles create innovation. The study involved 1153 early childhood education students between the ages of 7 and 10, as well as their teachers, who constituted a group of 41 early childhood education teachers. A triangulation of research methods was used in the study. For the group of students, a diagnostic survey method was used, for which a survey questionnaire was developed on the Kahoot platform and an in-depth interview using an interview questionnaire. For the group of teachers, a diagnostic survey method was used, for which a survey questionnaire was developed. The survey was implemented using the Computer Assisted Personal Interview technique on the Google Forms platform. On the basis of the conducted research, conclusions were developed in terms of the main objective of the research, which was: preliminary identification of the potential for using MIEM in the context of cognitive processes in early childhood education. The results of the research indicate that early childhood education students received the introduced innovation into the teaching process to a very positive degree. First of all, MIEM resulted in high motivation for learning. The result of which was a significant number of memorized messages contained in MIEM. It should also be added that this fact can have an impact on students' memory and perceptiveness. It can also be tentatively concluded that MIEM can have an impact on cognitive processes in particular on thinking and imagination. This conclusion follows directly from the type of technology that allows generating things previously difficult to visualize. In addition, the experiences of teachers who participated in the study indicate that MIEMs provide new opportunities for experimentation and interactive learning. According to the teachers, MIEMs make it possible to support the teaching and learning of nature, mathematics, as well as other subjects. Early childhood education teachers enthusiastically welcomed the use of AR, as well as seeing this technology as a solution to the problems of implementing the principle of viewability in early childhood education.

Pekan Sagu Innovation Regains the Public Service Moment of Truth

The digital era has influenced public service innovation. Many districts/cities in Indonesia use digital service innovation to overcome the maladministration problem in civil registration services, however, Seluma regency government has chosen to maintain physical moment of truth through the Pekan Sagu innovation. This innovation is in the form of increasing service hours on Saturdays and Sundays through door-todoor service. The researcher chose a qualitative paradigm in order to reveal the natural conditions of the unit of analysis with a case study design. Primary and secondary data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation studies, with triangulation of sources, time, and methods. The research results show that Pekan Sagu has the dimensions of compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. This innovation maintains the public service moment of truth which is actually the weak point of previous problems of public service because of maladministration. A direct in-touch service policy with an extension of service time can be a short-term solution to overcome some target groups’ problem who are not yet technologically literate, however, the government still has to educate citizens and prepare the need for digital-based services to meet the demands of long-term civil registration services.
 Keywords: innovation, public service

Strategi Meningkatkan Kualitas Kinerja Aparat Desa Mekarsari dengan Pendekatan Pengembangan dan Pola Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia

This study aims to find out what strategies are used to improve the performance of the Mekarsari Village apparatus. How to approach the development of human resources for the Mekarsari Village Apparatus. As well as knowing the pattern of human resource management in the Mekarsari Village apparatus. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods, data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. Research resource persons from the Village Head, Village Apparatusand the Mekarsari Village community. The analysis technique uses SWOT analysis. The validity test used the source training method and technical triangulation methods. The results of the study show that the strategies implemented to improve the quality of the performance of village officials in Mekarsari are carried out by: 1) Increasing the quality and quantity of employees through continuing to higher education, attending training, technical guidance, courses, seminars, work shops, etc. which aim to increase knowledge and employee experience. 2) Increase the number of employees according to the needs and the ideal number for a village. 3) Improve office facilities and infrastructure. The human resource development approach model in Mekarsari Village includes four approach methods used to develop employees: formal education, assessment, various work experiences, and personal relationships. The Strategy to Improve the Performance Quality of Mekarsari Village Officials with the Development Approach and Human Resource Management Pattern is quite effective in improving the performance quality of the Village apparatus. This can be seen from the quality of service which is more effective and efficient than before.

Rekrutmen Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan dalam Penempatan Kerja di SD IT Ma’arif Padang Panjang Sumatra Barat

This research aims to understand the recruitment system for educators and educational staff at SD IT Ma'arif Padang Panjang. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive qualitative design. The subject of this research is the Staff of Wakaf Ma'arif Foundation Padang Panjang. Data collection is conducted through method triangulation, where data in the form of relevant documents obtained from the website and school files, then the accuracy of the documents is checked through interviews. The results of this research indicate that the recruitment, selection, and placement process at SD IT Ma'arif Padang Panjang adopts a one-stop approach. The initial steps involve identifying and analyzing the needs of educators and educational staff, followed by the foundation's announcement of job vacancies, administrative selection, written tests, Quran reading tests, psychological tests, and interviews. Subsequently, the results of the interviews are analyzed, and the announcement of accepted applicants is made. Afterward, the process of job placement, issuance of employment contracts, and a three-month training program are carried out.